Window Scaling
Window scaling (RFC 7323) extends the 16-bit window field to 30 bits so high bandwidth-delay product links can use large receive windows.
Purpose
It breaks past the 64 KB window cap on high-speed long-distance links, making full use of the bandwidth.
Mechanism
The shift count is negotiated in the SYN; subsequent window field values are shifted left by that count to obtain the actual window. For example, shift=7 yields a maximum of 64 KB × 128 = 8 MB. The field stays 16 bits, but its meaning is scaled up.
Use cases
- High-BDP links
- Long-distance high-speed transfers
- Gigabit/10-gigabit TCP
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