TURN
TURN (Traversal Using Relays around NAT, RFC 5766) has a TURN server relay traffic between both ends when NAT traversal fails.
Purpose
It provides a relay fallback when hole punching fails (e.g., symmetric NAT), guaranteeing reachability—ICE's last resort.
Mechanism
The client sends an Allocate request to the TURN server for a relayed port, and both ends send and receive through that port. The TURN server forwards the traffic, with ALLOCATION lifetimes and permission control.
Use cases
- WebRTC relaying
- Symmetric NAT fallback
- VoIP relaying
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