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Three-Phase Commit

Three-phase commit (3PC) adds a PreCommit phase on top of 2PC, eliminating the blocking caused by coordinator crashes.

Purpose

To understand non-blocking atomic commit protocols and their extra message overhead.

Mechanism

CanCommit → PreCommit → DoCommit. The PreCommit phase lets participants know a majority agrees to commit; if the coordinator crashes, participants can decide on their own (commit after timeout). Requires a synchronous-network assumption.

Use cases

  • Non-blocking commit
  • Distributed fault tolerance
  • Coordinator failure recovery

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References