Slow Start
Slow start is the initial phase of TCP congestion control, growing the congestion window exponentially from 1 up to ssthresh to probe network capacity quickly.
Purpose
It probes available bandwidth quickly yet conservatively at the start of a connection, avoiding initial overload.
Mechanism
cwnd starts at IW (1-10 MSS); each ACK adds 1 MSS (doubling per RTT) until ssthresh, where congestion avoidance takes over. On loss, ssthresh = cwnd/2 and the window backs off.
Use cases
- TCP connection startup
- Bandwidth probing
- Congestion control
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