PMTU
PMTU, short for Path MTU, is the smallest link MTU along a path, determining the largest packet that needs no fragmentation.
Purpose
It pins down the largest unfragmented packet size, guiding TCP MSS and avoiding IP fragmentation.
Mechanism
PMTU = min(link MTUs) along the path, discovered dynamically via PMTUD or configured statically. TCP MSS is typically PMTU - 40 (IPv4 header + TCP header).
Use cases
- Setting TCP MSS
- Avoiding fragmentation
- Network optimization
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