PAT
PAT (Port Address Translation) is the port-multiplexing variant of NAT: many internal devices share one public IP, distinguished by different ports.
Purpose
It lets a large number of internal devices share a few—or even one—public IP, the common mode for home router NAT.
Mechanism
Outbound packets have their source IP rewritten to the public IP with a unique source port allocated, recording the (internal IP, internal port) → (public IP, public port) mapping. Inbound packets look up the mapping by public port and have their destination rewritten.
Use cases
- Home routers
- Enterprise NAT
- IPv4 address sharing
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