NAT
NAT (network address translation) rewrites the source/destination addresses of IP packets on a router, letting private internal addresses reach the outside world through a public address.
Purpose
It eases IPv4 exhaustion by letting many internal devices share a few public IPs, while providing internal network isolation.
Mechanism
The NAT device keeps a mapping table: outbound packets get their source rewritten to the public IP+port with the mapping recorded, and inbound packets get their destination rewritten back to the internal IP per the mapping. NAT creates mappings only in the direction the session was initiated.
Use cases
- Home and enterprise networks
- IPv4 address sharing
- Internal network isolation
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