ICE
ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment, RFC 8445) systematically tries host/srflx/relay candidate addresses to establish a P2P connection, integrating STUN and TURN.
Purpose
It gives endpoints behind NAT a standardized connection procedure that tries every candidate in priority order until one succeeds.
Mechanism
Candidates are gathered: host (local), srflx (STUN reflexive), and relay (TURN). The two ends exchange candidates (via SDP/signaling), pair them by priority, and run connectivity checks (STUN binding); the first successful pair wins.
Use cases
- WebRTC connection setup
- VoIP NAT traversal
- General-purpose P2P connectivity
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